Where are we with surgical therapies for Parkinson's disease?

Authors: Strauss I, Kalia SK, Lozano AM

Surgical therapies are now widely accepted in the treatment of medically refractory Parkinson's disease or levodopa-related side effects. Neuromodulation using deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently the most well known surgical treatment, however other developing technologies are emerging. We briefly review active research areas in the field of DBS including timing of surgery, target selection and localization under general anesthesia and developments in closed loop stimulation systems. We then describe other evolving modalities such as lesioning using MR guided focused ultrasound and biological therapies.

Introduction

Purpose Other

Study Objective To review and assess the current state of surgical therapies for Parkinson's disease.

Disease model Parkinson's disease

Outcomes and Safety

Summary of Outcomes No experimental results or behavioral/biological effects are reported in the provided text (only the paper title); no focused ultrasound parameters or successful settings are described.

Safety-related matter No safety or adverse effects mentioned in the provided text.

Brain Region

Visualization unavailable

Ultrasound Parameters

Focal Characteristics Focal depth: None; Focal length: None; Aperture size: None

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