Non-Drug and Non-Invasive Therapeutic Options in Alzheimer's Disease.
Authors: Șovrea AS, Boșca AB, Dronca E, Constantin AM, Crintea A, Suflețel R, Ștefan RA, Ștefan PA, Onofrei MM, Tschall C, Crivii CB
Despite the massive efforts of modern medicine to stop the evolution of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it affects an increasing number of people, changing individual lives and imposing itself as a burden on families and the health systems. Considering that the vast majority of conventional drug therapies did not lead to the expected results, this review will discuss the newly developing therapies as an alternative in the effort to stop or slow AD. Focused Ultrasound (FUS) and its derived Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) are non-invasive therapeutic approaches. Singly or as an applied technique to change the permeability of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), FUS and TPS have demonstrated the benefits of use in treating AD in animal and human studies. Adipose-derived stem Cells (ADSCs), gene therapy, and many other alternative methods (diet, sleep pattern, physical exercise, nanoparticle delivery) are also new potential treatments since multimodal approaches represent the modern trend in this disorder research therapies.
Introduction
Purpose
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation
Study Objective
To review newly developing therapies for Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on focused ultrasound/transcranial pulse stimulation and other alternative multimodal approaches aimed at stopping or slowing disease progression.
Animal model / Human subject
not provided
Disease model
Alzheimer's disease
MRI or image guidance method
MRI
Targeted brain region(s)
Not Provided
Target coordinates
not provided
Cargo name and characteristics
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) — cell therapy (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells); Gene therapy — genetic cargo delivered via unspecified vectors (viral or non-viral, not specified); Nanoparticle delivery — nanoparticles used as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents (nanoparticle-based carriers).
Route of administration
not provided
Outcomes and Safety
Summary of Outcomes
Focused ultrasound (FUS) and transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS), used alone or to transiently increase blood–brain barrier permeability, showed therapeutic benefits in animal and human Alzheimer's studies; no specific FUS parameters were reported.
Duration of biological effect
not provided
Safety-related matter
No safety concerns or adverse effects are mentioned in the provided text.
Brain Region
Ultrasound Parameters
Ultrasound instrument
not provided
FUS Frequency
not provided
FUS Intensity
not provided
FUS Pressure
not provided
FUS Mode
not provided
Pulse duration
not provided
Duration of a single FUS session
not provided
Focal Characteristics
not provided
Treatment frequency
single
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