Clinical recommendations for non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation.

Authors: Beisteiner R, Lozano A, Di Lazzaro V, George MS, Hallett M

Non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation has experienced exponential growth in the neuroscientific literature, recently also including clinical studies and applications. However, clinical recommendations for the secure and effective application of ultrasound neuromodulation in pathological brains are currently lacking. Here, clinical experts with neuroscientific expertise in clinical brain stimulation and ultrasound neuromodulation present initial clinical recommendations for ultrasound neuromodulation with relevance for all ultrasound neuromodulation techniques. The recommendations start with methodological safety issues focusing on technical issues to avoid harm to the brain. This is followed by clinical safety issues focusing on important factors concerning pathological situations.

Introduction

Purpose Transcranial ultrasound stimulation

Study Objective To provide clinical recommendations for the safe and effective use of non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation.

Outcomes and Safety

Summary of Outcomes This paper provides clinical recommendations for non-invasive ultrasound neuromodulation, summarizing evidence that ultrasound can transiently modulate neural activity and behavior while outlining safety and procedural guidance. It does not report original experimental tests of specific focused ultrasound parameters, so no particular parameter set is identified as successful.

Safety-related matter No safety-related information or adverse effects are mentioned in the provided text.

Brain Region

Visualization unavailable

Ultrasound Parameters

Focal Characteristics Focal depth: None; Focal length: None; Aperture size: None

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