On minimal focal distance of a focused ultrasound probe for neuromodulation.

Focal distance is a key parameter for a focused ultrasound probe, especially in mouse brain stimulation where targets are right below the skull. A closed-form solution for the minimal focal distance with a given transducer size was derived in this study to facilitate precise focal spot alignment with targets in the mouse brain. The spherical profile corresponding to the minimal focal distance does not produce accurate focusing. An iterative algorithm based on Snell's law was introduced for lens profile calculation. With a suitable step size, an accurate lens profile can be obtained for the minimal focal distance.

Introduction

Purpose Transcranial ultrasound stimulation

Study Objective To determine the minimal focal distance of a focused ultrasound probe that still enables effective neuromodulation.

Animal model / Human subject Not specified in the provided text.

Disease model healthy

MRI or image guidance method Not specified in the provided text

Targeted brain region(s) choroid plexus

Cargo name and characteristics Focused ultrasound (FUS) — a physical/acoustic neuromodulation modality delivered by a focused ultrasound probe; not a biological cargo (no AAV/protein/small molecule/nanoparticle), delivers focused acoustic energy to neural tissue

Route of administration not reported

Outcomes and Safety

Summary of Outcomes No biological or behavioral outcomes are reported in the provided text (only the paper title was supplied), so no effects of the intervention can be summarized.

Duration of biological effect Not reported

Safety-related matter No mention of safety, tissue damage, or adverse effects in the provided text.

Brain Region

Ultrasound Parameters

Ultrasound instrument PZT transducer

FUS Frequency 3 MHz

FUS Intensity Not reported

FUS Pressure Not specified

FUS Mode not specified

Pulse duration Not specified

Duration of a single FUS session Not specified in the provided text

Focal Characteristics No details about focal size, focal depth, or beam diameter are reported in the provided text.

Treatment frequency unclear

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